635 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
635 lines
16 KiB
Markdown
# Form 表单
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### 介绍
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用于数据录入、校验，支持输入框、单选框、复选框、文件上传等类型，需要与 [Field 输入框](#/zh-CN/field) 组件搭配使用。
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### 引入
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通过以下方式来全局注册组件，更多注册方式请参考[组件注册](#/zh-CN/advanced-usage#zu-jian-zhu-ce)。
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```js
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import { createApp } from 'vue';
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import { Form, Field, CellGroup } from 'vant';
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const app = createApp();
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app.use(Form);
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app.use(Field);
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app.use(CellGroup);
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```
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## 代码演示
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### 基础用法
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在表单中，每个 [Field 组件](#/zh-CN/field) 代表一个表单项，使用 Field 的 `rules` 属性定义校验规则。
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```html
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<van-form @submit="onSubmit">
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<van-cell-group inset>
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<van-field
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v-model="username"
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name="username"
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label="用户名"
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placeholder="用户名"
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:rules="[{ required: true, message: '请填写用户名' }]"
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/>
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<van-field
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v-model="password"
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type="password"
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name="password"
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label="密码"
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placeholder="密码"
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:rules="[{ required: true, message: '请填写密码' }]"
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/>
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</van-cell-group>
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<div style="margin: 16px;">
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<van-button round block type="primary" native-type="submit">
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提交
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</van-button>
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</div>
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</van-form>
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```
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```js
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import { ref } from 'vue';
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export default {
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setup() {
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const username = ref('');
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const password = ref('');
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const onSubmit = (values) => {
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console.log('submit', values);
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};
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return {
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username,
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password,
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onSubmit,
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};
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},
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};
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```
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### 校验规则
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通过 `rules` 定义表单校验规则，所有可用字段见[下方表格](#/zh-CN/form#rule-shu-ju-jie-gou)。
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```html
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<van-form @failed="onFailed">
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<van-cell-group inset>
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<!-- 通过 pattern 进行正则校验 -->
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<van-field
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v-model="value1"
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name="pattern"
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placeholder="正则校验"
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:rules="[{ pattern, message: '请输入正确内容' }]"
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/>
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<!-- 通过 validator 进行函数校验 -->
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<van-field
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v-model="value2"
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name="validator"
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placeholder="函数校验"
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:rules="[{ validator, message: '请输入正确内容' }]"
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/>
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<!-- 通过 validator 返回错误提示 -->
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<van-field
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v-model="value3"
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name="validatorMessage"
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placeholder="校验函数返回错误提示"
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:rules="[{ validator: validatorMessage }]"
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/>
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<!-- 通过 validator 进行异步函数校验 -->
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<van-field
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v-model="value4"
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name="asyncValidator"
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placeholder="异步函数校验"
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:rules="[{ validator: asyncValidator, message: '请输入正确内容' }]"
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/>
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</van-cell-group>
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<div style="margin: 16px;">
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<van-button round block type="primary" native-type="submit">
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提交
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</van-button>
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</div>
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</van-form>
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```
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```js
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import { ref } from 'vue';
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import { closeToast, showLoadingToast } from 'vant';
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export default {
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setup() {
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const value1 = ref('');
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const value2 = ref('');
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const value3 = ref('abc');
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const value4 = ref('');
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const pattern = /\d{6}/;
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// 校验函数返回 true 表示校验通过，false 表示不通过
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const validator = (val) => /1\d{10}/.test(val);
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// 校验函数可以直接返回一段错误提示
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const validatorMessage = (val) => `${val} 不合法，请重新输入`;
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// 校验函数可以返回 Promise，实现异步校验
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const asyncValidator = (val) =>
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new Promise((resolve) => {
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showLoadingToast('验证中...');
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setTimeout(() => {
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closeToast();
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resolve(val === '1234');
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}, 1000);
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});
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const onFailed = (errorInfo) => {
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console.log('failed', errorInfo);
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};
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return {
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value1,
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value2,
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value3,
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value4,
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pattern,
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onFailed,
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validator,
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asyncValidator,
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};
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},
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};
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```
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### 表单项类型 - 开关
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在表单中使用 [Switch 组件](#/zh-CN/switch)。
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```html
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<van-field name="switch" label="开关">
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<template #input>
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<van-switch v-model="checked" />
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</template>
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</van-field>
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```
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```js
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import { ref } from 'vue';
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export default {
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setup() {
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const checked = ref(false);
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return { checked };
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},
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};
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```
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### 表单项类型 - 复选框
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在表单中使用 [Checkbox 组件](#/zh-CN/checkbox)。
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```html
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<van-field name="checkbox" label="复选框">
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<template #input>
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<van-checkbox v-model="checked" shape="square" />
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</template>
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</van-field>
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<van-field name="checkboxGroup" label="复选框组">
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<template #input>
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<van-checkbox-group v-model="groupChecked" direction="horizontal">
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<van-checkbox name="1" shape="square">复选框 1</van-checkbox>
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<van-checkbox name="2" shape="square">复选框 2</van-checkbox>
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</van-checkbox-group>
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</template>
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</van-field>
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```
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```js
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import { ref } from 'vue';
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export default {
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setup() {
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const checked = ref(false);
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const groupChecked = ref([]);
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return {
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checked,
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groupChecked,
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};
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},
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};
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```
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### 表单项类型 - 单选框
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在表单中使用 [Radio 组件](#/zh-CN/radio)。
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```html
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<van-field name="radio" label="单选框">
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<template #input>
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<van-radio-group v-model="checked" direction="horizontal">
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<van-radio name="1">单选框 1</van-radio>
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<van-radio name="2">单选框 2</van-radio>
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</van-radio-group>
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</template>
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</van-field>
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```
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```js
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import { ref } from 'vue';
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export default {
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setup() {
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const checked = ref('1');
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return { checked };
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},
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};
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```
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### 表单项类型 - 步进器
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在表单中使用 [Stepper 组件](#/zh-CN/stepper)。
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```html
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<van-field name="stepper" label="步进器">
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<template #input>
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<van-stepper v-model="value" />
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</template>
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</van-field>
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```
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```js
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import { ref } from 'vue';
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export default {
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setup() {
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const value = ref(1);
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return { value };
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},
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};
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```
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### 表单项类型 - 评分
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在表单中使用 [Rate 组件](#/zh-CN/rate)。
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```html
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<van-field name="rate" label="评分">
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<template #input>
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<van-rate v-model="value" />
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</template>
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</van-field>
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```
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```js
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import { ref } from 'vue';
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export default {
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setup() {
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const value = ref(3);
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return { value };
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},
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};
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```
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### 表单项类型 - 滑块
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在表单中使用 [Slider 组件](#/zh-CN/slider)。
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```html
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<van-field name="slider" label="滑块">
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<template #input>
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<van-slider v-model="value" />
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</template>
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</van-field>
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```
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```js
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import { ref } from 'vue';
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export default {
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setup() {
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const value = ref(50);
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return { value };
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},
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};
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```
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### 表单项类型 - 文件上传
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在表单中使用 [Uploader 组件](#/zh-CN/uploader)。
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```html
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<van-field name="uploader" label="文件上传">
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<template #input>
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<van-uploader v-model="value" />
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</template>
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</van-field>
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```
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```js
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import { ref } from 'vue';
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export default {
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setup() {
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const value = ref([
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{ url: 'https://fastly.jsdelivr.net/npm/@vant/assets/leaf.jpeg' },
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]);
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return { value };
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},
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};
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```
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### 表单项类型 - 选择器
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在表单中使用 [Picker 组件](#/zh-CN/picker)。
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```html
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<van-field
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v-model="result"
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is-link
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readonly
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name="picker"
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label="选择器"
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placeholder="点击选择城市"
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@click="showPicker = true"
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/>
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<van-popup v-model:show="showPicker" destroy-on-close position="bottom">
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<van-picker
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:columns="columns"
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:model-value="pickerValue"
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@confirm="onConfirm"
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@cancel="showPicker = false"
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/>
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</van-popup>
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```
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```js
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import { ref } from 'vue';
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export default {
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setup() {
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const result = ref('');
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const pickerValue = ref([]);
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const showPicker = ref(false);
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const columns = [
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{ text: '杭州', value: 'Hangzhou' },
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{ text: '宁波', value: 'Ningbo' },
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{ text: '温州', value: 'Wenzhou' },
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{ text: '绍兴', value: 'Shaoxing' },
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{ text: '湖州', value: 'Huzhou' },
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];
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const onConfirm = ({ selectedValues, selectedOptions }) => {
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result.value = selectedOptions[0]?.text;
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pickerValue.value = selectedValues;
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showPicker.value = false;
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};
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return {
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result,
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pickerValue,
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columns,
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onConfirm,
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showPicker,
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};
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},
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};
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```
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### 表单项类型 - 日期选择器
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在表单中使用 [DatePicker 组件](#/zh-CN/date-picker)。
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```html
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<van-field
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v-model="result"
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is-link
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readonly
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name="datePicker"
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label="时间选择"
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placeholder="点击选择时间"
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@click="showPicker = true"
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/>
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<van-popup v-model:show="showPicker" destroy-on-close position="bottom">
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<van-date-picker
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:model-value="pickerValue"
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@confirm="onConfirm"
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@cancel="showPicker = false"
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/>
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</van-popup>
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```
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```js
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import { ref } from 'vue';
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export default {
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setup() {
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const result = ref('');
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const showPicker = ref(false);
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const pickerValue = ref([]);
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const onConfirm = ({ selectedValues }) => {
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result.value = selectedValues.join('/');
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pickerValue.value = selectedValues;
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showPicker.value = false;
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};
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return {
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result,
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pickerValue,
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onConfirm,
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showPicker,
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};
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},
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};
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```
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### 表单项类型 - 省市区选择器
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在表单中使用 [Area 组件](#/zh-CN/area)。
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```html
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<van-field
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v-model="result"
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is-link
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readonly
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name="area"
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label="地区选择"
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placeholder="点击选择省市区"
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@click="showArea = true"
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/>
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<van-popup v-model:show="showArea" destroy-on-close position="bottom">
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<van-area
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:area-list="areaList"
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:model-value="pickerValue"
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@confirm="onConfirm"
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@cancel="showArea = false"
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/>
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</van-popup>
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```
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```js
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import { ref } from 'vue';
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import { areaList } from '@vant/area-data';
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export default {
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setup() {
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const result = ref('');
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const showArea = ref(false);
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const pickerValue = ref('');
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const onConfirm = ({ selectedValues, selectedOptions }) => {
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pickerValue.value = selectedValues.length
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? selectedValues[selectedValues.length - 1]
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: '';
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showArea.value = false;
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result.value = selectedOptions.map((item) => item.text).join('/');
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};
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return {
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result,
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areaList,
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pickerValue,
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showArea,
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onConfirm,
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};
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},
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};
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```
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### 表单项类型 - 日历
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在表单中使用 [Calendar 组件](#/zh-CN/calendar)。
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```html
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<van-field
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v-model="result"
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is-link
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readonly
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name="calendar"
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label="日历"
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placeholder="点击选择日期"
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@click="showCalendar = true"
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/>
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<van-calendar v-model:show="showCalendar" @confirm="onConfirm" />
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```
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```js
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import { ref } from 'vue';
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export default {
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setup() {
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const result = ref('');
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const showCalendar = ref(false);
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const onConfirm = (date) => {
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result.value = `${date.getMonth() + 1}/${date.getDate()}`;
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showCalendar.value = false;
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};
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return {
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result,
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onConfirm,
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showCalendar,
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};
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},
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};
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```
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## API
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### Props
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| 参数 | 说明 | 类型 | 默认值 |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| label-width | 表单项 label 宽度，默认单位为`px` | _number \| string_ | `6.2em` |
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| label-align | 表单项 label 对齐方式，可选值为 `center` `right` `top` | _string_ | `left` |
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| input-align | 输入框对齐方式，可选值为 `center` `right` | _string_ | `left` |
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| error-message-align | 错误提示文案对齐方式，可选值为 `center` `right` | _string_ | `left` |
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| validate-trigger | 表单校验触发时机，可选值为 `onChange`、`onSubmit`，支持通过数组同时设置多个值，具体用法见下方表格 | _string \| string[]_ | `onBlur` |
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| colon | 是否在 label 后面添加冒号 | _boolean_ | `false` |
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| disabled | 是否禁用表单中的所有输入框 | _boolean_ | `false` |
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| readonly | 是否将表单中的所有输入框设置为只读状态 | _boolean_ | `false` |
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| required `v4.7.3` | 是否显示表单必填星号 | _boolean \| 'auto'_ | `null` |
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| validate-first | 是否在某一项校验不通过时停止校验 | _boolean_ | `false` |
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| scroll-to-error | 是否在提交表单且校验不通过时滚动至错误的表单项 | _boolean_ | `false` |
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| scroll-to-error-position `v4.9.2` | 滚动至错误的表单项时的位置，可选值为 `center` \| `end` \| `nearest` \| `start` | _string_ | - |
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| show-error | 是否在校验不通过时标红输入框 | _boolean_ | `false` |
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| show-error-message | 是否在校验不通过时在输入框下方展示错误提示 | _boolean_ | `true` |
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| submit-on-enter | 是否在按下回车键时提交表单 | _boolean_ | `true` |
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> 表单项的 API 参见：[Field 组件](#/zh-CN/field#api)
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### Rule 数据结构
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|
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使用 Field 的 `rules` 属性可以定义校验规则，可选属性如下:
|
||
|
||
| 键名 | 说明 | 类型 |
|
||
| --- | --- | --- |
|
||
| required | 是否为必选字段，当值为空值时（空字符串、空数组、`false`、`undefined`、`null` ），校验不通过 | _boolean_ |
|
||
| message | 错误提示文案，可以设置为一个函数来返回动态的文案内容 | _string \| (value, rule) => string_ |
|
||
| validator | 通过函数进行校验，可以返回一个 Promise 来进行异步校验 | _(value, rule) => boolean \| string \| Promise_ |
|
||
| pattern | 通过正则表达式进行校验，正则无法匹配表示校验不通过 | _RegExp_ |
|
||
| trigger | 设置本项规则的触发时机，优先级高于 Form 组件设置的 `validate-trigger` 属性，可选值为 `onChange`、`onBlur`、`onSubmit` | _string \| string[]_ |
|
||
| formatter | 格式化函数，将表单项的值转换后进行校验 | _(value, rule) => any_ |
|
||
| validateEmpty | 设置 `validator` 和 `pattern` 是否要对空值进行校验，默认值为 `true`，可以设置为 `false` 来禁用该行为 | _boolean_ |
|
||
|
||
### validate-trigger 可选值
|
||
|
||
通过 `validate-trigger` 属性可以自定义表单校验的触发时机。
|
||
|
||
| 值 | 描述 |
|
||
| -------- | ------------------------------------ |
|
||
| onSubmit | 仅在提交表单时触发校验 |
|
||
| onBlur | 在提交表单和输入框失焦时触发校验 |
|
||
| onChange | 在提交表单和输入框内容变化时触发校验 |
|
||
|
||
### Events
|
||
|
||
| 事件名 | 说明 | 回调参数 |
|
||
| --- | --- | --- |
|
||
| submit | 提交表单且验证通过后触发 | _values: object_ |
|
||
| failed | 提交表单且验证不通过后触发 | _errorInfo: { values: object, errors: object[] }_ |
|
||
|
||
### 方法
|
||
|
||
通过 ref 可以获取到 Form 实例并调用实例方法，详见[组件实例方法](#/zh-CN/advanced-usage#zu-jian-shi-li-fang-fa)。
|
||
|
||
| 方法名 | 说明 | 参数 | 返回值 |
|
||
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
||
| submit | 提交表单，与点击提交按钮的效果等价 | - | - |
|
||
| getValues | 获取所有表单项当前的值 | - | _Record<string, unknown>_ |
|
||
| validate | 验证表单，支持传入一个或多个 `name` 来验证单个或部分表单项，不传入 `name` 时，会验证所有表单项 | _name?: string \| string[]_ | _Promise\<void\>_ |
|
||
| resetValidation | 重置表单项的验证提示，支持传入一个或多个 `name` 来重置单个或部分表单项，不传入 `name` 时，会重置所有表单项 | _name?: string \| string[]_ | - |
|
||
| getValidationStatus | 获取所有表单项的校验状态，状态包括 `passed`、`failed`、`unvalidated` | - | _Record\<string, FieldValidationStatus\>_ |
|
||
| scrollToField | 滚动到对应表单项的位置，默认滚动到顶部，第二个参数传 false 可滚动至底部 | _name: string, alignToTop: boolean_ | - |
|
||
|
||
### 类型定义
|
||
|
||
组件导出以下类型定义：
|
||
|
||
```ts
|
||
import type { FormProps, FormInstance } from 'vant';
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
`FormInstance` 是组件实例的类型，用法如下：
|
||
|
||
```ts
|
||
import { ref } from 'vue';
|
||
import type { FormInstance } from 'vant';
|
||
|
||
const formRef = ref<FormInstance>();
|
||
|
||
formRef.value?.submit();
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Slots
|
||
|
||
| 名称 | 说明 |
|
||
| ------- | -------- |
|
||
| default | 表单内容 |
|
||
|
||
## 常见问题
|
||
|
||
### 如何自定义表单项？
|
||
|
||
Vant 支持在 Form 组件中插入自定义的表单项，具体用法参见 [useCustomFieldValue](#/zh-CN/use-custom-field-value)。
|